ADHD is not a "new" mental health problem, nor is it a disorder made for personal gain or financial profit from pharmaceutical companies, mental health field, or by the media. This is a very real medical and behavioral disorder that affects millions of people across the country. the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents. According to research sponsored by the NiMH, procjenjujebroj children with ADHD to be between 3% -. 5% of the population NIMH also estimates that 4.1 percent of adults have ADHD.
Although it has taken quite some time for our society to accept ADHD as a bona fide mental health and / or medical disorders, in reality it is a problem that was reported in modern literature for at least 200 years. As it was already 1798, ADHD was first described in medical literature, Dr. Alexander Crichton, who referred to it as "mental disorder". tales of apparent ADHD youth, "The story of fidgety Philip," written in 1845 by Dr. Heinrich Hoffman. In 1922, ADHD has been recognized as a post Encephalitic conduct disorder. In 1937 it was revealed that stimulants help control hyperactivity in children. In 1957, methylphenidate (Ritalin), became commercially available to treat hyperactive children.
Formal and accepted mental health / behavioral diagnosis of ADHD is relatively recent. In the early 1960s, ADHD was mentioned as "minimal brain dysfunction." In 1968, the disorder has become known as "Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood." At this point, the emphasis was placed more on hyperactivity than inattention symptoms in 1980, the diagnosis was changed to "ADD - Attention Deficit Disorder, with or without hyperactivity." which puts equal emphasis on hyperactivity and inattention. By 1987, the disorder was renamed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and was divided into four categories (see below). Since then, ADHD is considered a medical disorder that results in behavioral problems.
Currently, ADHD is defined by DSM IV-TR (accepted diagnostic manual) as a disorder that is divided into four categories:
1 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mainly inattentive type -. Previously known as ADD - is marked by impaired attention and concentration.
Second Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, usually hyperactive, impulsive
Tip - formerly known as ADHD - is marked by hyperactivity without inattentiveness.
. 3 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type - the most common type -
includes all the symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, I.
4th Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder not otherwise specified. This category
for ADHD, which include prominent symptoms of inattention or
hyperactivity-impulsivity, but do not meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for
the diagnosis.
To further our understanding of ADHD and its four sub-categories, it May be helpful to illustrate the hyperactivity, impulsivity, and / or neglect through examples.
Typical symptoms of hyperactive young people include:
• Often "on the go" or acts as if "driven by the engine"
• Feeling restless
• Move arms and legs or fidgeting nervously
• How often walking or running around
• running or climbing excessively when inappropriate
• have difficulty playing quietly or engaging in quiet leisure activities
• Speaking too fast or too
• Often leave, when seated is expected
• Often they can not engage in social activities quietly
Typical symptoms include impulsiveness of youth:
• Acting quickly or suddenly, without thinking first
• Blurting out answers before questions are asked in a completely
• After a hard time waiting to turn
• Often interrupts others' conversations or activities
• Poor judgments or decisions in social situations, resulting in a child is not accepted by his / her own peer group.
Typical symptoms of inattention young people include:
• Not paying attention to details or makes careless mistakes
• You have trouble staying focused and being easily distracted
• Appearing not to listen when spoken to
• Often forgetful in daily activities
• Often forgetful in daily activities ...
• Losing or misplacing homework, books, toys or other objects
• It does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• does not follow instructions and fails to finish activities, school,
or duties in the workplace
• avoiding or disliking tasks that require mental effort in progress or
concentration
Of the four subcategories of ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive type is the most distinct, recognizable, and the easiest to diagnose hyperactive and impulsive symptoms are manifested behaviorally in different environments in which a child communicates:. Ie at home, with friends, school, and / or during extracurricular or athletic activities. Because of hyperactive and impulsive characteristics of this subcategory, the children naturally arouse the attention of (often negative) of those around them. compared to children without ADHD, they are harder to teach, teach, coach, and with whom to communicate. In addition, they tend to be disruptive, seemingly contradictory, reckless, accident prone, and socially disadvantaged.
Parents of young people with ADHD often report frustration, anger and emotional exhaustion due to their child's inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity in. By the time they receive professional services many parents of children with ADHD describe the complex feelings of anger, fear, despair, and guilt. over their "failure" in trying to get their children to focus, pay attention and follow through with directions, responsibilities and duties have resulted in feelings of hopelessness and despair. These parents often report feeling guilty over the anger, loss of patience, discipline and reactive style. And psychotherapists and psychiatrists working with parents of ADHD youth who "joke," saying: "If someone does not help my child, give me some medicine!"
The following statistics (Dr. Russell Barkley and Dr. Tim Willens) illustrate the far-reaching implications of ADHD in their youth.
• ADHD is a childhood rates of 6-8%, and the disease continues
in adolescence for 75% of patients, and 50% of cases persisting in
adulthood.
• Boys are diagnosed with ADHD 3 times more often than girls.
• emotional development in children with ADHD is 30% slower than in non-ADHD peers.
• emotional development in children with ADHD is 30% slower than in non-ADHD peers....
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